Cyber Debate on Evolution Essay Example for Free

Cyber Debate on Evolution Essay NOVA Online presents a debate on evolution and its validity. The discussion was facilitated between Phillip E. Johnson and Kenneth R. Miller. In terms of specialization, the two individuals are quite distinct from each other. Phillip E. Johnson is a professor of law while Kenneth R. Miller is a professor of biology. From this, one can assume a highly different approach or way of thinking between the two. Phillip E. Johnson believes that the concept of evolution is invalid, largely due to the fact that it leaves out the possibilities of a creator due to a sense of materialist ideology. He argues that the current proofs for the theory are rather imagined and stretched out. Kenneth R. Miller, on the other hand, believes that evolution is in fact an established concept and is in the process pointing out proof based on paleontology, embryo development mechanism, and the tendencies of DNA. A list of key argument points provided by each of the two participants is presented below. Phillip E. Johnson †¢ Paleontology data, specifically the fossils, provide an unclear outline of the process of evolution since the relationships between supposedly related fossils in terms of descent cannot be properly tested by any means (Johnson, 1996a). †¢ The embryo development mechanism, as seen by pro-evolutionists to be a link to the past, cannot be treated as such due to the fact that the similarity of embryonic development in various creatures is not entirely definite but rather quite imagined (Johnson, 1996a). †¢ DNA data suggesting that evolution occurs and begins at the genetic scale is contradictory to established facts, as there have been studies pointing out that the only variation produced at the genetic level is of microevolution. Hence, there is no substantial change to prove that evolution in terms of organ development can be attained through the genetic level (Johnson, 1996a). †¢ Materialist ideology is utilized in explaining evolution, and in effect, points that cannot be determined are still given nonfactual explanations (Johnson, 1996b). Kenneth R. Miller †¢ Paleontology data, specifically the fossils, provides a clear view of the evolutionary process as the relationship between current and ancestral forms of the lineage of creatures; the fossils provide insight into the transitional phases, portraying the changes in organ development in plain view (Miller, 1996a). †¢ The embryo development mechanism further supports the concept of evolution, as it presents a sense of likeness in certain stages between highly different creatures as well as humans (Miller, 1996a). †¢ DNA data suggests that microevolution as well as macroevolution can be altered at a genetic level, thus pointing out that tail development can be triggered or prevented through the alteration of a single gene (Miller, 1996b). †¢ Materialist ideology cannot be seen as a fault of science as scientific pursuits cannot simply place the creator as the answer for everything currently unknown (Miller, 1996c). References Johnson, P. E. (1996a, November 19) Letter 2 – How did we get here?. NOVA Online – Odyssey of Life. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/odyssey/debate/deb02joh1119. html. Johnson, P. E. (1996b, December 9) Letter 8 – How did we get here?. NOVA Online – Odyssey of Life. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/odyssey/debate/deb08joh1209. html. Miller, K. R. (1996a, November 23) Letter 3 – How did we get there?. NOVA Online – Odyssey of Life. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/odyssey/debate/deb03mil1123. html. Miller, K. R. (1996b, November 30) Letter 5 – How did we get there?. NOVA Online – Odyssey of Life. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/odyssey/debate/deb05mil1130. html. Miller, K. R. (1996a, December 6) Letter 7 – How did we get there?. NOVA Online – Odyssey of Life. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/odyssey/debate/deb07mil1206. html.

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Lawrence Durrells Zero and Asylum in the Snow :: Wallpaper Asylum gilman Durrell Essays

"The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Lawrence Durrell's "Zero and Asylum in the Snow" Society is a close-knit unit of individuals who unknowingly conform to an ideal set by them. The ideal that I speak of is not set in stone, but is ever changing, as is society. This changing ideal appears to be threatened by individual thinkers who rebel against social norms and who refuse to support conformity. This rebellion is exemplified in "The Yellow Wallpaper," written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and in Lawrence Durrell's story, "Zero and Asylum in the Snow." These stories both involve characters that are labelled as sick in relation to the people who 'mesh' well with society. Society, however, has peculiar methods of healing these characters and succeeds only to force them further away from reality and deeper into a conscious dream world. 'Conscious' in the previous line, refers to how one may dream while awake, yet no outsider may become involved in the dream. A dream world is not necessarily a bad place to dwell, and is only perceived as being bad because not everyone can freely enter its walls. Moreover, the walls are unique to each dreamer, therefore, are transparent. This uniqueness is shown in the short stories I am focusing on. For Durrell, the walls were as white as snow, and for Gilman they are covered in crude yellow wallpaper. When reading these stories, it is easy for one to become confused. It is difficult for the reader to understand exactly what is trying to be said, because these stories are so personal. Durrell and Gilman attempt to give some form of insight into their characters minds, but we as readers are restricted by our thoughts. How can we conceive another's dream world? It is possible only through an open mind; one must not think that the author is talking about nonsense, for this way of thinking proves the success society has in grooming our thoughts to fit within its standards. In "Zero and Asylum in the Snow," we are introduced to a character that seems to be rambling to some unknown person about nonsensical illusions of snow, farmyards, Christianity, and five other existing characters. As one progresses through the story, one realizes that the snow Durrell writes of is everywhere. It surrounds the character, which is later revealed to be Durrell himself, and "chimes about [them] and [he] can do nothing, nothing.

Edward Weston

Edward Weston was one of the biggest figures of twentieth-century photography and one of the most influential. This essay is will Weston brilliance in creating beautiful and neutral views of patterns and ordinary shapes, made him internationally acknowledged (Travis 2001, p. 63). Travis (2001) claimed that over the years Edward Weston style had changed and he developed an ability to make his own life experiences into the fascinating subjects of his art.However, in earlier days, that transformation of Weston works had been obscure to most scholars and enthusiasts because it was very elusive and his main subject taters were still mostly naked human forms and objects from the natural surroundings. He had begun to show hints of moods in his photography. Some viewers found his photographs of tide-pool rocks and cypress trees as painful, saddening. They took the tone of the peaceful ocean after a storm as depressive imagery. A higher level of compositional techniques was starting to show i n Weston work from 1939 to 1940.Masculine curves and feminine components, signs of living and dead, and a contrast of light and shadow in a single frame, embellished the photographs. Nevertheless, as Weston grew past his technical skills, he made images hat held more philosophical meanings and a bigger range of understandings. Some may think that his photographs from 1944 to 1948 reflect very thoughtful and more melancholy atmospheric images, possibly because of the conflicts of his divorce, his four sons' entry into the military and the beginning of his Parkinson disease at that time. The series of landscapes he shot at Point Lobos in 1938 (Fig. ) undeniably mirrored Weston personal life more than any he had produced before (Travis 2001, p. 63). Meadow (1978, p. 55) suggested that, In Weston bibliographic works there was hidden interaction between model and the photographer. Weston made his photographs when his subject emotionally stimulates him. Weston (1939) wrote, â€Å"l am a realist, but not a literalism †¦ â€Å". Weston nude photographs were wonderful because there were trace of the interaction between Weston and his subjects. It is possible that what we see, what we respond to, is almost like the conversation between photographer and his subject.Although, Weston perspective on what he was doing at the time was different. Truth was the only thing he wanted to demonstrate through his work (Meadow 1978, p. 55). Meadow (1978, p. 1) also stated Weston nude works had a spiritual implications to it. It was a very American way of thinking: that nudity was considered good for the body and also for the soul. However. Weston was a true formalist who visualized his prints meticulously. He reduced any chance of movement, alteration or accident during the process of the photo-shoot (Shelley 1976, p. 127).Weston nude photographs are often shown as close-up shots of partial areas separated from the background, instead of being focused on entire objects upfront . There was no inner interpretation in favor of simple aesthetics of the presentation of the flesh. Weston has written in his Daybooks claiming that his creative work, his private life was separate. The diaries include many of his comments revealing frustrations with his momentary type of impressions and feelings (Shelley 1976, p. 127). Many of the images he produced during asses present the same features as the piece he made in 1942 (Fig. ) a naked female figure wearing nothing but a gas mask, leaned against the sofa, her body facing toward the camera. A spacious but old couch is repeating the verticals and the horizontals, and its also filling most of the whole picture.

The Effects Of Eye Movement Reprocessing And Desensitization

Lone Star College - CyFair The Effects of Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization in Posttraumatic Stress Victims Kaitlyn Schenk PSYC 2301.5012 Laura Renee October 19, 2016 An estimated 5.2 million adults will suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) every year. Every PTSD victim encounters different experiences and symptoms that coincide with their trauma. Many forms of treatment and coping mechanisms have been attempted in the past decade to produce relief. There have been a few successful forms or treatment and there have also been treatment routes that have been detrimental to the success and overcoming of victims’ symptoms. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new treatment option that is available to PTSD victims. â€Å"While the treatment has met with skepticism, meta-analyses have indicated that EMDR is superior to most other treatments and is as effective as the best alternative treatment, i.e., cognitive-behavioral therapy. EMDR is now advocated as a treatment of choice for PTSD in many Western countries† (Van den Hout 177-178). EMDR gives PTSD victims long-lasting relief from their symptoms and ensur es them the best chance at regaining normalcy in their lives. There are many reasons that people can acquire forms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and there is an array of symptoms that individuals can suffer from. Some of the most common reasons that people suffer from PTSD are military experiences, both physicalShow MoreRelatedExamining Effectiveness Of Treatment Strategies Used With Survivors Of Rape1357 Words   |  6 Pagesin treating posttraumatic stress disorder and common comorbid disorders, like depression, anxiety, guilt, and anger (Resick, Williams, Suvak, Monson, Gradus, 2012, p. 202). Existential therapy, person-centered counseling, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing are underlying philosophies and techniques investigated. It can prove difficult to find empirically-supported treatments because the research is often not explicitly experimental, and there is a limitation to sampling. ExaminingRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1570 Words   |  7 Pageshave been atte mpted in the past decade to produce relief. There have been a few successful forms or treatment and there have also been treatment routes that have been detrimental to the success and overcoming of victims’ symptoms. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new treatment option that is available to PTSD victims. â€Å"While the treatment has met with skepticism, meta-analyses have indicated that EMDR is superior to most other treatments and is as effective as the best alternativeRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Ptsd1383 Words   |  6 Pagesare 90 minutes long are needed for therapeutic effect. Longer periods of treatment have not been found to be more effective. Frommberger (2014) noted that Foa determined the best evidence-based therapy to be cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Erford and colleagues (2016) informed that Sherman’s (1998) research on cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) found a significant effect size. However, Erford et al. (2016) also pointedRead MoreEye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing ( Emdr )1675 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have brought the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on members of the United States Armed Forces to the forefront of concern for researchers, mental health practitioners, and the American society as a whole (Barlow Durand, 2015, p. 155). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 describes the clinical symptoms of PSTD as: intrusion symptoms, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, alterations in arousal andRead MoreMy First Duty As A Therapist880 Words   |  4 Pagesmoment? 5. What effects has your experience had on your daily routine? 6. What change are you hoping for in our sessions? 7. What would that look like? Based on the presenting information and symptoms, I would diagnose that Betty is experiencing anxiety, acute posttraumatic stress syndrome and survivor’s guilt. Assuming that she is not a danger to herself, I believe Betty would benefit from defusing, psychological first aid and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in addition to attendingRead MoreCommon Stressor Related Disorders ( Disorder )913 Words   |  4 Pageseliminate diagnosis in cultures or situations where multiplicity is appropriate. An example of this is in children where an imaginary friend is not necessarily indicative of a mental illness. 5. The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (such as blackouts or chaotic behavior during alcohol intoxication) or a general medical condition (such as complex partial seizures). This characteristic of dissociative identity disorder is important as substance abuse or anotherRead MoreThe Ethics of Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless M ind706 Words   |  3 Pagespsychological and physiological effects with complications such as depression, substance abuse and even suicide (Wood,2007). Wood, A. (2007). The ethics of eternal sunshine. The Advocate: University of San Diego School of Law 24(1). Current Treatment for PTSD Cognitive behavior therapy helps individuals manage their symptoms by recognizing triggers and learning to replace negative thoughts and behaviors with positive ones. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is multi-phase treatment,Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment For War Veterans1564 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the different types of treatments that s available. Such as Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which is short-term, goal-oriented psychotherapy treatment that takes a hand–on, practical approach to problem solving, (EMDR) Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing which is a set of standardized protocols that incorporates elements from many different treatment approaches and has been extensively researched and proven effective for treatment of trauma, (PE) which is a form of behavior therapyRead MoreAnalysis : Eye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing1348 Words   |  6 Pageseveryday life are starting to use exposure therapy. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective exposure therapy that has been used for many years to help a patient remove painful thought and to deal with physical, mental, and emotional conflicts . In 1987, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing was discovered by Dr. Francine Shapiro. Dr. Shapiro was walking in the park one day and realized that eye movements reduced negative emotions and troubled memories. SheRead MoreThe Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder1225 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ Stress Inoculation Training Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Typically includes alternating eye movements, exposure elements (e.g., holding distressing traumatic memories in mind without verbalizing them) cognitive approaches (e.g., identifying a negative cognition, an alternative positive cognition, and assessing the validity of the cognition), and relaxation/self-monitoring techniques (e.g., â€Å"body scan†). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy Medications can help